CASE

A general term used to designate clients (including individuals, families, and groups) served by an organization for purposes of monitoring the provision of services. A foster care case is generally based on the placement of an individual child, although casework for the child may include services to the child's family. A child protective services case is based on an entire family household if a family assessment model is used; otherwise a case is defined as a child.		  
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  MANAGEMENT

See ADMINISTRATION		  
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  SERVICE

One or more organization-operated programs or activities that have a common general objective and deploy the organization's material and human resources in a planned and systematic manner. An organization that publicly promotes or identifies itself in writing as offering a service, is licensed to deliver a service, assigns personnel and/or space to a service, or allocates financial resources to a service is considered to offer that service.		  
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  SUPERVISION

Assumption of responsibility for directly overseeing and evaluating the work or work products of personnel within an organization. Also includes inspecting the act or process of accomplishing a function or activity.		  
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  CONNECTED

The means by which individuals access services that may or may not be provided by the organization itself. These terms are used interchangeably when individuals are connected to services either directly or by referral. See also LINKED.		  
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  COMMUNITY

A specific group of people living in the same locality and who may share a common culture, values, and norms. Communities can also be defined by race, religion, ethnicity, age, occupation, political status, tribal affiliation, interest in particular problems or outcomes, or other common bonds. The term "community" encompasses worksites, schools, tribes, residential neighborhoods, business districts, recreational areas, and health and human service sites.		  
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  PERSONNEL

The body of employees and/or volunteers that carries out the organization's tasks under the organization's administration and/or supervision. This definition does not include foster parents who are specifically referenced in relevant standards		  
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  ASSESSMENT

An evaluation, which utilizes professional expertise and skills in the collection and analysis of data to understand and describe the nature of service needs of an individual, family, or group. Assessment, as in needs assessment, is also used to determine priorities of program planning and service development for the organization as a whole. See also DIAGNOSIS.		  
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  PROGRAM

A system of services offered by an organization. For example, an organization providing a mental health service may offer several mental health programs to different populations, e.g., a mental health program for adolescent teens. The word "program" can be used interchangeably with the word "service" or to describe specific programs.		  
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  PUBLIC AGENCY

An agency under government auspices. A public agency is typically governed and operated by a public entity (e.g., a state, a county, or a department of the federal government. Public agencies seeking accreditation will utilize the Public version of COA's 8th Edition Standards, found at http://www.coastandards.org/standards.php?navView=public.

  
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  CONFIDENTIALITY

An ethical and practice principle that requires the protection of information shared within a professional-client relationship. An organization that upholds confidentiality prohibits personnel from disclosing information about persons served without their written consent.		  
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  AFTERCARE

Additional services provided beyond the period of primary care that offer continuity and supportive follow-up.		  
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  TRAINING

Instruction so as to make fit, qualified, or proficient in a skill or body of knowledge.		  
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  PROCEDURES

Written instructions that outline the steps for performing a task(s) or operationalizing an administrative or service delivery process. A procedure can be written as a step-by-step set of instructions or as a narrative description of a process. A procedure tells someone how to do something not just what to do.

Unlike policies, procedures do not need to be approved or reviewed by the governing body, and need not be associated with a specific policy. For example, whereas a broad anti-discrimination policy requires grievance or other procedures in order to be operationalized within an organization, assessment procedures do not require a governing body approved assessment policy.

Note: Procedures are sometimes referred to as administrative policies.

  
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Juvenile Justice Case Management Services
  
Private Org Public Agency  

JJCM 4: Coordination and Collaboration

 
Collaboration and coordination increase the ability of the organization and community to supervise and support youth, and promote their chances of succeeding.
Interpretation: This core concept standard is intended to address the range of organizations and agencies likely to serve or encounter youth who are or may become involved with the juvenile justice system. Relevant organizations, agencies, and other parties to consider include: juvenile court personnel, including judges; probation; parole; law enforcement; prosecution and defense attorneys; representatives of state agencies responsible for youth corrections and detention; child welfare agencies; schools; mental health care providers; substance use treatment providers; medical and health care providers; and community organizations, including parks and recreation services, libraries, cultural institutions, businesses, and faith-based institutions.
Note: Collaboration by nature involves other organizations and agencies, and COA recognizes that there are obvious limits as to how much an individual organization without statutory authority can do. However, organizations are still expected to take steps to encourage the collaboration and coordination that can help promote positive outcomes for youth.
Research Note: Literature emphasizes that youth often have inter-related needs, and suggests that there should be a high level of coordination among organizations and agencies serving youth involved with the justice system. Much of this literature describes initiatives that must be championed and implemented on a large scale, such as developing integrated information sharing systems, adopting cross-system assessment instruments, or creating county-wide interagency teams. However, it also reveals smaller steps individual organizations can take to promote coordination and collaboration.

JJCM 4.01

 

The organization facilitates youths’ ability to obtain needed services by:

  1. maintaining a comprehensive, up-to-date list of community programs and services, and information on how to access them; and
  2. advocating for additional services when existing resources are lacking or inaccessible.

JJCM 4.02

 

The organization collaborates with other organizations and agencies to:

  1. arrange for the delivery and coordination of needed services; and
  2. advocate on behalf of youth.
related CR 2
Interpretation: This can include other organizations and agencies providing services to youth, relevant court and legal personnel, and the public agency with statutory authority. As referenced in CR 2, when information will be shared with other organizations and agencies, youth should be informed of any limits on confidentiality before they disclose information. This may be especially important when the organization serves youth prior to adjudication, and youth might reveal self-incriminating information that could potentially be used against them in legal proceedings.
Note: Collaboration with other organizations and agencies involved with youth is also addressed in JJCM 5.02 and 6.02.

JJCM 4.03

 

The organization reaches out to community resources and partners to:

  1. provide education about youths’ needs and strengths; and
  2. identify and develop opportunities for youth to become involved with or contribute to the community, when possible and appropriate.

JJCM 4.04

 
To promote service continuity and facilitate a successful transition, organizations providing aftercare collaborate with relevant parties prior to youths’ release from their previous placements.
Interpretation: Relevant parties can include, but are not limited to: (1) personnel at youths’ previous placements; and (2) organizations, agencies, and other potentially supportive resources in the communities where youth will reside after release.
Research Note: Literature suggests that aftercare is often compromised by a lack of coordination between corrections personnel and community service providers, and notes that effective aftercare requires collaboration with judges, probation, police, aftercare agencies, schools, and community-based organizations.
NA The organization does not provide aftercare services.

JJCM 4.05

 

The organization promotes a more comprehensive understanding of the different organizations, agencies, and systems serving youth by:

  1. educating its personnel about other systems working with the youth they serve; and
  2. educating other organizations and agencies about the juvenile justice system, or advocating for cross training.

JJCM 4.06

 

The organization facilitates appropriate collaboration and coordination by identifying laws, regulations, and other requirements governing information sharing and confidentiality, and:

  1. developing procedures and agreements consistent with these requirements; and
  2. training personnel to share information in accordance with the procedures.
related CR 2
Interpretation: When possible, this should include procedures and/or agreements designed to protect youth from self-incrimination. As referenced in JJCM 4.02, this may be especially important when organizations serve youth prior to adjudication.
Research Note: Relevant laws, regulations, and other requirements may include federal, state, and local statutes, ordinances, resolutions, regulations, court orders, and legal opinions. These requirements can vary from place to place, and literature acknowledges that issues related to confidentiality and information sharing are complicated. However, it also emphasizes that there are ways to appropriately share information within the legal limitations that exist, and suggests that one of the greatest obstacles to information sharing may be that people do not always understand what they are and are not permitted to share. Accordingly, this literature points to the importance of understanding relevant requirements, and developing procedures and agreements for sharing information appropriately.

JJCM 4.07

 
The organization collaborates with relevant parties, including the court and the public agency responsible for juvenile justice, to encourage placement of youth into programs that address their risks and needs in the least restrictive environment necessary.
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PURPOSE: Juvenile Justice Case Management Services coordinate the services and supervision that can help youth address problems and develop the attitudes and skills needed to make responsible choices, avoid negative behaviors, and become productive, connected, and law-abiding members of their communities.
 
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